特朗普对伊朗实施史无前例的严厉制裁

The US has imposed sanctions on 700 Iranian targets as part of its “largest ever single day” of economic penalties against Tehran, fulfilling Donald Trump’s campaign pledge to take a harder line against the Islamic republic.

美国对700个伊朗目标实施制裁，这是美国对伊朗实施“有史以来最大的”经济惩罚的一部分，兑现了唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)总统在竞选时做出的对伊朗采取更强硬立场的承诺。

The economic curbs target the Iranian oil, financial and shipping sectors as the US seeks to force Tehran to rein in what the Trump administration says are its destabilising activities in the Middle East.

经济制裁以伊朗的石油、金融和航运行业为打击目标，美国正试图迫使伊朗收敛特朗普政府所称的破坏中东稳定的活动。

Steven Mnuchin, US Treasury secretary, said on Monday: “Today, the US is executing on the final actions to withdraw [from] the Obama administration’s fatally flawed Iran deal.

美国财政部长史蒂文·姆努钦(Steven Mnuchin)周一表示：“今天，美国为退出奥巴马政府签署的存在致命缺陷的伊朗核协议采取最后行动。”

“This is part of a maximum unprecedented economic pressure campaign that the US is waging against the world’s largest state sponsor of terror.”

“这是美国对全球最大的支持恐怖主义国家施加前所未有的最大经济压力的一部分。”

Mr Trump’s decision in May to pull out of a landmark nuclear deal with Tehran and reimpose sanctions has pitted the US against European powers, China and Russia, cosignatories to the 2015 accord.

特朗普今年5月决定退出与德黑兰达成的这项具有里程碑意义的核协议，并重新实施制裁，使美国与共同签署这项2015年协议的欧洲大国、中国和俄罗斯相互对立。

In a fillip to Tehran, Washington on Monday named the eight countries to which it has granted six-month waivers to allow them to continue buying some Iranian crude: China, India, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Italy, Greece and Turkey.

为了给予德黑兰方面一些推动，华盛顿方面周一公布了一份8个经济体的豁免名单，允许其在6个月内继续从伊朗购买一定数量的原油，这些经济体包括中国、印度、日本、韩国、中国台湾、意大利、希腊和土耳其。

The US said all had already cut oil imports from Iran but would not, crucially, reveal how much crude each buyer would be allowed to take under the exemptions.

美国表示，这些经济体都已削减了从伊朗的石油进口，但关键的是，美国不会透露各个经济体根据豁免条款可以进口多少原油。

Iran’s exports averaged about 2.5m barrels a day before the US decision to reimpose curbs. Exports rose to almost 2.9m b/d in April but have since fallen by about 1m b/d, as buyers, especially in Europe, have turned away.

在美国决定重新实施制裁之前，伊朗平均每天出口石油约250万桶。今年4月，出口量增至每天近290万桶，但随后每天的出口量下降了约100万桶，因为买家（尤其是欧洲买家）已转向其他来源。

Mike Pompeo, US secretary of state, said Washington’s goal was to force Iran to abandon its current course or else “see its economy crumble”.

美国国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥(Mike Pompeo)表示，华盛顿方面的目标是迫使伊朗放弃目前的路线，否则伊朗只能“眼睁睁地看着其经济撑不下去”。

State department officials said Iran relied on oil exports for 80 per cent of its revenues, and that the US would aim to reduce oil exports to zero in the coming months.

美国国务院官员表示，伊朗80%的财政收入来自石油出口，而美国的目标是在几个月后将伊朗的石油出口削减至零。